An Anti Apartheid Movement During The Boer War - 1546 Words

Despite the fact that the black majority was silenced by the Nation Party, the government at the time, they were able to explore the flaws in the set government system and exchange their thoughts to free the people. They also encountered many difficulties during this process, but with time and consideration foundations were placed to get them out of their segregational government. Laws were set that prohibited any expansion for the majority, but that never stop them from creating different anti-apartheid groups that would open a way to get out of the problem that they faced every single day. People had to go through horrible times as they went on with their lives day in and day out, and the process of destroying the Apartheid. As the†¦show more content†¦The first one was the Mines and Works Act of 1911, that limited black from obtaining high paying jobs. Next, was the Natives Lands Act of 1913 which forced ten percent of blacks to become reserves. This law also prohibited b lacks from owning lands outside of said reserves. The third act that was put into action was the Native Affairs Act of 1920, and this created a system of tribally based but still governmental appoint councils. The last act that was passed and laid the foundation for the Apartheid was the Natives Urban Areas Act of 1923 and this controlled how often blacks were able to visit the towns in the country of South Africa. As the National Party was gaining their strength, and the current government form was being manipulated, the National Party began to dominate the white elections. They were powerful enough to take out the current prime minister and were fully elected into office. Their president was D.F. Malan, and his goals were to restrict the British from going into the country and to use the Afrikaners to their advantage. They never wanted to set apartheid onto the blacks, but to just control or subjugate them. As their power grew, they began to realize that they could actually take o ver the country and make it their own in a way. After a while, when the black majority began to understand what was going on, the National Party announce Apartheid on them and started to pass laws that restricted the majority. After the

Nutrition And Weight Status Obesity - 1937 Words

Nutrition and weight status is a vitally important issue as obesity is on the rise in the United States. One third of children in this country ages 2-19 are either overweight or obese and this potentially sets them up to develop diabetes and other comorbidities during their lifetime (U.S. Task Force, 2010). It is important to promote health by way of consumption of healthy foods, getting adequate exercise and maintaining a healthy body weight and body image. The Let’s Move initiative, founded by First Lady Michelle Obama, approaches the obesity epidemic at a grassroots level and encourages children to eat healthy, get active and take actions towards a healthy lifestyle (Let’s Move, n.d.). The Let’s Move initiative is devoted to solving the problem of childhood obesity. After the launch of this initiative, President Barack Obama also put into motion the first task force on childhood obesity with a goal of decreasing obesity in children to 5% by the year 2030 (U.S. Task Force, 2010). The Let’s Move initiative is built upon the following four pillars: ï‚ § Empowering parents and caregivers ï‚ § Providing healthy food in schools ï‚ § Improving access to healthy, affordable foods ï‚ § Increasing physical activity (U.S. Task Force, 2010, para. 5) While this initiative is for anyone, the specific target is for pre and school aged children. This initiative reaches into childcare centers, schools systems, as well as museums, gardens and faith communities across the country. In StShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : Nutrition And Weight Status2440 Words   |  10 PagesChildhood Obesity The HHS Prevention Strategies chosen for this paper is the CDC’s Healthy Communities Program (HCP), which falls under the initiative of Nutrition and Weight Status. The main topic that this strategy will be used to discuss is childhood obesity. The specific program under this strategy that is going to be discussed herein would be the School-Based Physical Education Plan, which falls directly under the HCP. HHS Prevention Strategy The HCP works in collaboration with the local,Read MoreNutrition And Weight Status : Preventing Childhood Obesity1478 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition and Weight Status: Preventing Childhood Obesity A healthy diet is the foundation for achieving a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition, the intake of food in order to provide the body with its dietary needs, is important when referring to a healthy diet (Potter, Perry, Stockert Hall, 2013). Nutrition is good when the body receives the essentially balanced nourishment required to sustain life and successfully perform bodily functions. However, poor nutrition can result in decreased productivityRead MoreThe Healthy People 2020 Objective Nutrition And Weight Status Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Healthy People 2020 objective Nutrition and Weight Status has a goal of improving the diet of Americans, thus improving their overall health. â€Å"Diet quality is critically important to the prevention of many types of chronic disease† (Wilson et al, 2015, p. 302.) According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), â€Å"a healthful diet helps Americans reduce their risks for many health conditions, including: overweight and obesity, malnutriti on, iron-deficiency anemia, heart disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemiaRead MoreObesity : A Common And Costly Health Issue Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesObesity have been increasing over the last 30 years, with high rates globally, and among all economic levels. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures: Obesity, a common and costly health issue that increases risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, affects more than one-third of adults and 17 percent of youth in the United States. By the numbers, 78 million adults and 12 million children are obese—figures many regard as an epidemic (â€Å"Obesity Statistics in the UnitedRead MoreHow Nurses Can Care For A Family With A Child That Suffers From Obesity1237 Words   |  5 Pagesare overweight or obese.† This statistic is very alarming because child obesity can lead to many other chronic diseases that no child should have to endure at such a young age. Fortunately, there are ways of preventing child obesity from occurring such as adequate nutrition, appropriate exercise and many others. It is important that nurses establish an open approach to communication when addressing issues related to obesity (Shepard, 2010). Open communication allows the nurse to establish a trustingRead MoreObesity : America s Major T hreat1045 Words   |  5 PagesEssay December 10, 2015 Obesity: America’s Major Threat Obesity should not be an unknown term to the majority of the Americans as a significant percentage of the American population is obese. As the number of obese people skyrockets annually, obesity tends to be a major threat not just in America, but globally. The number of obese individuals has doubled in past four decades, probably by practicing the art of super-sizing (Marks). Obesity is a complex physical problem in whichRead MoreIs School Nutrition A Contributor? Childhood Obesity?1619 Words   |  7 Pages Methods Question: Is school nutrition a major contributor to childhood obesity? Date of Literature Review: October 2014 Inclusion Criteria †¢ Age: school aged children (4-18 years old) †¢ Setting: Public and private school systems in the US. †¢ Health Status: Any †¢ Nutrition-Related Problem or Condition: Obese or overweight and consuming at least lunch in a school setting. †¢ Study Design Preference: Cross-sectional studies, large randomized observational studies, time series studies. †¢ Size of StudyRead MoreCauses And Consequences Associated With Weight Gain And Obesity Among Refugees And Immigrants Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pageswondered what factors lead to weight gain and obesity among immigrants and refugees in the United States? Are you aware of how weight gain and obesity is affecting the refugees and immigrants in the United States? The immigrants and refugee population in the United States is growing dramatically because people from many corners of the world have been moving to the United States for improving their lives. However, there are multiple problems including in diet and nutrition after people arrive in theRead MoreMain Elements Of A Healthy Eating System1201 Words   |  5 PagesNutrition is the process of using nutrients to support growth and provide energy to fulfil the daily needs of physical and mental activities (Human Nutrition, 2015, para. 1). Nutrition includes food intake, the process of food once in the body and the relation o f nutrients and disease (Richard Robinson, 2002, p. 217). This essay will briefly outline the elements of a healthy eating system such as the food pyramid, then discuss the benefits and risks of a vegetarian diet and discuss a range of causesRead MoreFactors In Decreasing The Risk Of Obesity920 Words   |  4 Pages Decreasing the Risk of Obesity Aidrea M. Ford Grand Canyon University: HLT-550 August 2, 2017 Decreasing the Risk of Obesity One of the leading health indicators identified by HealthyPeople2020 is nutrition, physical activity, and obesity (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017). These factors are important to living a healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition combined with a healthy body weight and physical activity is key to decreasing the risk of developing serious

Evaluation Theory for Practice of Program- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEvaluation Theory for Practice of Program Evaluation. Answer: Introduction Organizations use the theory of change to evaluate the learning activities. The theory of change examines how a learning activity is meant to give results in the organization. It outlines the outputs into the learning activity and the outcomes. This model stipulates the methods of change, the risks and the barriers to this theory that hinder the expected outcome. The theory of change creates a good link between the outputs and the expected results in the organization. When evaluators in the organization direct focus on the theory at the beginning of the project it ensures that stakeholder involvement is purposeful, useful and intentional to the client. According to Chen (2015), the theory-driven evaluation stipulates the need to work with stakeholders to understand the logic of a project. A logic model helps to realize the causal relationships involved in outputs involved and the outcomes. Evaluation of learning activities in the organization can be carried out through various modules. Utilization-focused evaluation module When an organizations end goal is decision making on a project, utilization-focused evaluation module is applicable. This module focuses on the evaluation of learning activities regarding their use by primary users. Thus, the evaluator in the organization should establish which stakeholders are more significant in the projects results (Patton 2013). The evaluator must use this stakeholder in every evaluation process to achieve results. Values engaged evaluation module This module involves engaging the stakeholders value in an intervention. When the stakeholders values are included, it increases their interest in the intervention. The users are likely to use the project if they feel some sense of ownership and a sense of presentation. Empowerment evaluation module This module is used in the organization to help in improving an intervention through empowerment. It stipulates that the role of an evaluator is to empower the stakeholders involved to take up the evaluation process to help them with self-determination (Link and Vonortas 2013). The evaluator in the organization guides the stakeholders through the evaluation process. Theory-driven evaluation module This module focuses on achieving change in the evaluation process through working together with stakeholders to stipulate the inputs, outputs, and results of the project. The organization can realize ROI from learning and development activities through assessing the methodology tools chosen and involving the right stakeholders. The organization needs to understand the evaluation process and the theories concerned to ensure that the purpose of the learning activities guides the designs to achieve the intended outcomes. Evaluation theory plays a major role in the value for money regarding performance and relevance when the right module is used in the evaluation process. The evaluation process in the organization should be improved through carrying out more evaluations in a year rather than annually. When an evaluation process is carried out frequently, accurate results are expected. Training of the evaluators is another way in which the evaluation process can be improved. Evaluators should be well equipped when carrying out the evaluation process. Thus they should be trained through internal workshops to strengthen their skills. References Chen, H., T., (2015)Practical program evaluation: Theory-Driven Evaluation and the Integrated Evaluation Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Link, A. N., Vonortas, N., S., (2013)Handbook on the theory and practice of program evaluation, Cheltenham, UK. Patton, M., Q., (2013) Utilization-Focused Evaluation (U-FE) Checklist, Western Michigan University Checklists. Thompson, G., Alba-Juez, L., (2014)Evaluation in context. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

RACISM TODAY Essays (1229 words) - Racism, Discrimination, Hatred

RACISM TODAY "...Everybody jumped on him, beat the hell out of him... Everybody was hitting him or kicking him. One guy was kicking at his spine. Another guy hitting on the side of the face... He was unconscious. He was bleeding. Everybody had blood on their forearms. We ran back up the hill laughing... He should have died... He lost so much blood he turned white. He got what he deserved" (Ridgeway 167.) The skinheads who performed this random act of racial violence in 1990, had no reason to brutally beat their victim other than the fact that he was Mexican (Ridgeway 167). Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic discrimination or segregation. Fortunately, racial violence is steadily declining as the turn of the century approaches. Now a new form of racism, covert racism, has recently sprung from the pressures of political correctness. This new form of racism, although slowly declining, still shows signs of strong support (Piazza 86). Covert racism assumes a form of civil disobedience against politically correct thought and speech. Essentially, covert racism is a "hidden" racism, or a racism not easily detected (Piazza 78). "Racism is still strongly prevalent in today's society" (Gudorf 3). The three different basic forms of racism, open racism, violent racism, and covert racism all express forms of hatred towards distinct ethnic groups (Bender 47). These basic forms of racism, although different in form, all have the same main purpose, to promote racism. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. Open racists promote their views through strictly persuasionary tactics. This form of racism is allowed in our society because of the First Amendment. Open racism is currently almost nonexistent and steadily declining, because it is considered politically incorrect and socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence, fear, and persuasionary tactics (Leone 49) This form of racism is not protected by the First Amendment because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore these groups are protected by the First Amendment because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent (Ridgeway 123). Covert racism expresses ideas of racism in disguised forms; sometimes the covert racist is not even aware of the fact that he is racist. "Racism, it is asserted, is no longer blatant: people nowadays are reluctant to express openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed are not prepared to express publicly a sentiment that could be interpretted as racist. Racism, it is said, is subtle: it is disguised, kept out of sight" (Enrlich 73) "The suggestion that there is a new racism--a racism that has a new strength precisely because it doesn't appear to be racism--deserves serious consideration" (Piazza 66). Avoiding minorities on the street and denial of a public benefit to a minority which would be awarded to a white are examples of covert racism. "Since it is no longer politically correct to openly express one's racist views, people therefore favor disguised, indirect ways to express their bigotry" (Piazza 68). Covert racism is the most abundant form of racism in our society today. What causes racism? Unfortunately, the answer is much longer and detailed than the question. The three main causes for racism are: racism has become part of our heritage, right-wing racial and political groups, and pride in one's own race. Practically since the dawn of man's existence man has undoubtedly noticed differences between races. "Racism's presence throughout the formation of our culture is quite evident" (Tucker 17). Frequently throughout history the ethnic group with the most power has assumed that its race and culture are superior to others. The same incident even occurred in America with the introduction of slaves. Throughout American history, racism has been strongly prevalent. "Racism's roots lie deep within the foundation of our society" (Tucker 19). These roots undoubtedly are the source for a great many of the racist groups and covert racism ideas found throughout our society. Extremist social and political groups, particularly those advocating right-wing policies of racial inequality, promote racism as well. These groups serve as the epitome of racial thought and speech (Ridgeway 10). The following represent various racist groups found

Semiconductors Essays - Semiconductor Device Fabrication

Semiconductors Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon. Semiconductors are usually materials which have energy-band gaps smaller than 2eV. An important property of semiconductors is the ability to change their resistivity over several orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors have electrical resistivities between 10-5 and 107 ohms. Semiconductors can be crystalline or amorphous. Elemental semiconductors are simple-element semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used today. It is used for diode s, transistors, integrated circuits, memories, infrared detection and lenses, light-emitting diodes (LED), photosensors, strain gages, solar cells, charge transfer devices, radiation detectors and a variety of other devices. Silicon belongs to the group IV in the periodic table. It is a grey brittle material with a diamond cubic structure. Silicon is conventionally doped with Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony and Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium acceptors. The energy gap of silicon is 1.1 eV. This value permits the operation of silicon semiconductors devices at higher temperatures than germanium. Now I will give you some brief history of the evolution of electronics which will help you understand more about semiconductors and the silicon chip. In the early 1900's before integrated circuits and silicon chips were invented, computers and radios were made with vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by Dr.Lee DeForest. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, vacuum tube s were used to conduct, modulate and amplify electrical signals. They made possible a variety of new products including the radio and the computer. However vacuum tubes had some inherent problems. They were bulky, delicate and expensive, consumed a great deal of power, took time to warm up, got very hot, and eventually burned out. The first digital computer contained 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 50 tins, and required 140 kilowatts of power. By the 1930's, researchers at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were looking for a replacement for the vacuum tube. They began studying the electrical properties of semiconductors which are non-metallic substances, such as silicon, that are neither conductors of electricity, like metal, nor insulators like wood, but whose electrical properties lie between these extremes. By 1947 the transistor was invented. The Bell Labs research team sought a way of directly altering the electrical properties of semiconductor material. They learned they could ch ange and control these properties by "doping" the semiconductor, or infusing it with selected elements, heated to a gaseous phase. When the semiconductor was also heated, atoms from the gases would seep into it and modify its pure, crystal structure by displacing some atoms. Because these dopant atoms had different amount of electrons than the semiconductor atoms, they formed conductive paths. If the dopant atoms had more electrons than the semiconductor atoms, the doped regions were called n-type to signify and excess of negative charge. Less electrons, or an excess of positive charge, created p-type regions. By allowing this dopant to take place in carefully delineated areas on the surface of the semiconductor, p-type regions could be created within n-type regions, and vice-versa. The transistor was much smaller than the vacuum tube, did not get very hot, and did not require a headed filament that would eventually burn out. Finally in 1958, integrated circuits were invented. By the mid 1950's, the first commercial transistors were being shipped. However research continued. The scientist began to think that if one transistor could be built within one solid piece of semiconductor material, why not multiple transistors or even an entire circuit. With in a few years this speculation became one solid piece of material. These integrated circuits(ICs) reduced the number of electrical interconnections required in a piece of electronic equipment, thus increasing reliability and speed. In contrast, the first digital electronic computer built with 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 50 tons,

Superheros essays

Superhero's essays Although there are many superhero's, they are all very unique in their own special ways. I will try to compare three of these hero's Spiderman, Superman and Batman. When they were originally conceived, only Superman was born with special powers such as super human strength, the speed of a locomotive and being able to leap skyscrapers. Batman needed to work and use his intellect to gain his strength. Spiderman was involved in a scientific experiment that went wrong. This is how he gained his strength his powers. Comparing Superman and Batman, Superman has much greater powers then Batman. He should because he comes from another planet, Krypton. While Batman is a human being born on earth. Superman was born with his amazing powers and sent to earth on a rocket when his planet was in trouble. Superman was very visible and a hero in every sense of the word. Batman on the other hand was somewhat secretive and did most of his fighting of villains, in the shadows of darkness, trying not to be seen. Spiderman was a normal high school boy who was doing an experiment with radiation in science class when a spider was radiated and bit him giving him the strength and abilities of a spider. Batman witnessed his parents being murdered and used his inherited wealth, intellect and hard work to gain his strength and invent his suit and gadgets to fight his enemies. Spiderman also used his knowledge to invent gadgets such as his web throwers which he could swing from place to place on. Both Spiderman and Batman were born on earth and were human. Although all three hero's fought against evil villains. I feel Spiderman and Batman were closer in comparison. Not only did they need to develop their own powers, and invent their weapons. While Superman was born with his. They were both human, born on earth to loving and wonderful families. Superman was born on the planet Krypton and sent to earth, luckily he was found and adopted by a ...

Learning Activity #1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Activity #1 - Assignment Example The study designed an interpretive phenomenological study on the influences of AD-prepared nurses returning to school in search of a BDN or higher degree in Nursing (Orsolini-Hain, 2012). Thus, data was collected from a target population of AD-prepared nurses, from 2006-2008. Therefore, a sample of 22 AD-prepared nurses without a BDN or bachelors degree was used. These nurses responded to fliers and were compensated for participation by the study. All of the participants had been in practice for about 10 years. However, the nurses had varied years of experience. As a result, the mean amount of experience was 19.5 years. The ages of the participants ranged from 36-64 with the mean age being 48 years. The nurses were sampled from different genders and ethnic backgrounds. The main method of data collection utilized by the study was interviewing. It is imperative to note that the objectives of the study would not be fully realized through the use of a static interview tool. As a result, a dynamic interview tool was employed by the study. Thus, AD-prepared nurses were engaged in an interpretive phenomenological study with regard to their willingness to return to school to obtain higher degrees in nursing (Orsolini-Hain, 2012). As a result, participants filled out a demographic tool and interviews lasting one hour were also conducted. These interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. The interview process involved the administration of a pilot study followed by other structured studies that resulted from the pilot study. Thus, multiple interviews were employed in understanding the AD-prepared nurses’ perspectives on their willingness to go back to school for further education programs. Since this was a qualitative study, no intervention w as tested. In my experience, I have been a RN for only 4 years following my recent graduation. Therefore, these findings give the necessary encouragement of furthering my

Discussion Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion - Article Example This means that even though the actual cause of the firefighter’s death was the fire, Andy and Tara had no intention to commit a murder. However, their criminal offence of arson resulted to the death of firefighters. This implies that the Tara and Andy were responsible for the death. In this regard, as a district attorney I have basis to charge them murder. John and Mary intention was to rob a drug dealer. It worth to note even though they completed their mission, John was left behind resulting to the shooting and death of the drug dealer. Before the robbery, John and Mary had no intention to kill the drug dealer even though John was armed. The fact that the two had conspired to undertake the robbery, Mary’s conviction to robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery was correct. However, it was not collect to charge her for murder. On his part, John should have been convicted of conspiracy to commit robbery, robbery and

A concluding theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A concluding theme - Essay Example The upper class mainly comprise of the top world economic giants followed by the developing world that comprise most countries in the Far East such as Malaysia and finally the lower class where most states in Africa and Asia belongs. It is on this backdrop that the books Poor Economics: A Radical Rethink of the Way to fight Global Poverty by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo , Whiteman by Tony d’Souza, and Little Princes by Conor Grennan where authored to evaluate these changing cultural dynamics across the globe. Aside from death and taxes, there exists one more aspect that can be added to life certainties list in school thought policy. These are mechanisms on how to extricate the global south from poverty. According to the World Bank’s definition of poverty, poverty is the inability for a person to utilize at least $ 1.25 in a day; 1. 3 billion people across the globe live below these standards. Paul Collier, a development economist refers these as the bottom billions. There is increased desire for the world to help people in the third world countries. It is on this premise that an academic discipline has emerged with several scholars advances theories related to poverty alleviation. These scholars include Jeffrey Sachs with the Pre- Foreign –Aid, Dambisa Moyo and the theory of Trade, not Aid and Paul Romer’s view of creating charter cities. It tempts to make an assumption that all books on issues related to global development seems to advance poverty alleviation theori es to assist in poverty reduction in the Global south (Abhijit and Duflo 297). Abhijit and Duflo have alienated their development concept on possible ways of reducing poverty in the global south through development of a modest premise outside the anti- foreign aid and pre- foreign aid discussions. They argue that poverty alleviation strategies on international development aimed at alleviating poverty in the developing nations have to be formulated on an international platform.

Disproving the Theories of Evolution

Disproving the Theories of Evolution Abstract Natural selection is one of the numerous theories that attempt to explain the evolution of living things from their primitive origins to the more advanced organisms existing today. At its core, this theory supports the notion that only the strongest organisms survive in a changing environment while their weak counterparts die off. Nevertheless, various circles regard the evolutionary theory by natural selection as practically impossible. Since its conception, proponents of the theory have defended it with the help of serious misinformation and propaganda. However, the theory of evolution has been discredited entirely as being scientifically invalid by such fields as paleontology, genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. Numerous findings continue to reveal that evolution never happened, is devoid of tangible scientific evidence, and is incompatible with the truth. One such area is the creationist perspective of the origin of life and the universe. Creationism provides the indication that the universe is the work of an Omniscient Creator. Scientific communitys Opposition Evolution has been and continues to be not only one of the most widely debated issue but also one of the most controversial. Some quarters have a serious problem with calling the Darwinist evolution a theory for the reason that it lacks testable explanations for observable occurrences (Isaak). The Darwinian theory of evolution postulates the idea that the planetary species arose through descent with progression and modification from a single common ancestor by the process of natural selection. While this presumption may contain some element of truth, it has not received complete acceptance across the entire spectrum of the society since evolutionary ideas first came to prominence in the early parts of the 19th century (Luskin). The first opposition to its tenets comes mainly from the scientific community, which has not found any past or present scientific evidence to validate the claims of Darwin. Moreover, todays criticisms and denials also come from all quarters in various forms su ch as creationism, neo-creationism, and intelligent design. Even though several points exist on either side of the creationism versus evolution argument, notwithstanding the gaps on both sides of the divide, it becomes apparent that the theory of evolution has some serious fundamental flaws. Creationism is the belief that concept and design require a creator (Sarfati and Mathews). When applied to detecting design in the universe and life, this principle becomes a more reasonable explanation to believe in a higher power as the Creator or Designer of both (Sarfati and Mathews). Unlike the concept of evolution, which remains unproven and continues to lack even the slightest experimental or observational support, the creationist argument is sound because it argues against a set of misunderstandings about evolution that people are right to consider ludicrous (Fodor and Piattelli-Palmarini). For this reason, a large part of the society is likely to embrace creationism. Moreover, various religious denominations already propagate the belief in a higher power, making creationism more intellectually and socially palatable to a majority of people, both scholars and lay audiences. A related issue is the tendency of individuals to identify with things, beliefs, or concepts that exemplify the best of humanity or portray humans as special. In this regard, creationism hits the nail on the head as it conceives the advent of humankind as a deliberate, personal, well-thought out, and loving process. In contrast, evolution paints a grim picture of a random, impersonal, and d etached process that does not appeal to the moral and spiritual sensibilities of many people, hence its unpopularity. The first claim against natural selection, the central premise upon which the theory of evolution rests, is that it lacks the power to be responsible for all the variability seen in all the innumerable forms of life. A close inspection shows that neither natural selection nor mutation has any evolutionary force or gives the slightest support to the notion that living things can evolve and gradually turn into a new species (Yahya). Natural selection predicts the survival of organisms possessing the most appropriate characteristics for their natural habitats and the extinction of those that lack the advantages (Rennie). For instance, in a herd of deer threatened by wolves, those who run fastest survive and those who do not run swiftly are hunted down and eliminated resulting in a herd of swift-running deer. However, no matter how long the process lasts, the deer will a lways remain a deer and never another species. For that reason, natural selection cannot cause the development of a new species, much less new life forms (Yahya). Competition for survival The second criticism of evolution driven by the process of natural selection concerns the assertion that the living world is in a perpetual competition for survival, something Darwinism calls the survival of the fittest (Yahya). Several reliable observations continue to reveal that organisms, particularly those at more advanced levels such as humans and dolphins display solidarity and social behavior that can be defined as cooperation. Therefore, the survival of the fittest might not be any more superior or significant than the survival of the luckiest (Yahya). The weakness of evidence The third criticism against evolution is that several lines of evidence for Darwinian evolution and common ancestry are weak. Firstly, there is the failure of development of biology in explaining why vertebrate embryos start diverging from the very beginning of development. Secondly, DNA and molecular evidence paint conflicting pictures about the grand tree of life (Luskin). Lastly, available fossil records do not provide proof for the Darwinian evolution (Luskin). The evidence of small-scale changes commonly paraded by evolutionists such as the slight variations in the color of wings of peppered moths or the size of finch beaks are isolated cases of microevolution and are not evidential proof for macroevolution (Rennie). Conclusion Even though evolutionists portray the theory of evolution as a scientific fact, various findings for the several years separating Charles Darwin and the present day has utterly disapproved this theory. Darwinism is inconsistent with the truth, and its principles of natural selection and mutation have been shown to lack any evolutionary power to create new species. The more the details of nature and scientific studies have been revealed, the more extraordinary characteristics of life in its diversity have been discovered that can never be explained in terms of natural selection. Works Cited Fodor, Jerry, and Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini. Survival of the Fittest Theory: Darwinisms Limits. New Scientist, 3 Feb. 2010, www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527466.100-survival-of-the-fittest-theory-darwinisms-limits?full=true. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. Isaak, Mark. Five Major Misconceptions About Evolution. TalkOrigins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy, 1 Oct. 2003, www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-misconceptions.html. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. Luskin, Casey. Punctuated Equilibrium and Patterns from the Fossil Record. Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness Center, 9 Sept. 2004, www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1232. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. Rennie, John. 15 Answers to Creationist Nonsense. Scientific American, 1 July 2002, Nature America, Inc.. www.scientificamerican.com/article/15-answers-to-creationist/. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. Sarfati, Jonathan, and Michael Mathews. Refuting Evolution 2 Chapter 4: Argument: Natural Selection Leads to Speciation. Creation | Creation Ministries International, Creation Ministries, creation.com/refuting-evolution-2-chapter-4-argument-natural-selection-leads-to-speciation#noteref. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017. Yahya, Harun. Confessions of the Evolutionists. Global Publishing, www.muslim-library.com/dl/books/English_CONFESSIONS_OF_THE_EVOLUTIONISTS.pdf. Accessed 20 Feb. 2017.

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Past and Present Ess

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Past   and Present     Ã‚  Ã‚   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the all-time most controversial American novels.   Marks Twain’s masterpiece, narrated by a rebellious boy who rafts down the Mississippi river with a runaway slave, has received a wide variety of kudos and criticism since it first appeared in 1885.   While it is still applauded for its childlike imagination and realistic use of dialogue, the criticisms of Huck Finn have undergone a drastic shift.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon its initial release, Huck Finn was blasted by some critics for indecency.   They argued that Twain’s story, like dime novels, would influence young readers to forbid their parents and teachers just as Huck does Miss Watson.   The city of Concord, RI was perhaps the most stringent in its reaction to Huck Finn, banning the book completely from library shelves.   In a telling March 18, 1885 article, the New York Herald reported on this censorship.   The reasons for the banning, provided by the Concord Library Committee, include opinions that the book is â€Å"absolutely ...

Different children Essay

Transfer-Encoding: chunked i »? Unit 2: development and well-being 0-5 years Task1: Understand the expected pattern in holistic child development. Describe the expected pattern of children’s development from 0 – 5 years and include: (1. 1)   Physical development, or   Communication and intellectual development, or   Social, emotional and behavioural development As children’s bodies become more mature they gradually learn to control and use different muscles and make different movements. In doing so, they learn to do more complicated and difficult physical task more skilfully and easily. However this controls may be learnt a different rates by different children so one child may learn to walk at nine months, another at 12 months and another at 18 months. 3 months Learns to support their head 6 months Rolls over 9 months Sitting up without any support 12 months Crawling and walking may start taking few steps 15 months Walking and may start throwing a ball 18 months Running 2 years. Climbing up and down stairs 3 years Catching objects and stars jumping 4 years Riding a tricycle 5 yeas Dancing rhythmically, climbs , skips and hops Newborn babies have little control over their bodies. As they get older, theses reflexes disappear and babies begin to develop voluntary skills. To gain complete control children will need to master two different types of skills 1. Gross motor skills 2. Fine motor skills and hand – eye coordination Physical development also includes sensory development. Children need to learn to control the muscles used for balance and large movements, such as walking, climbing and large movements, such as walking, climbing and throwing and kicking a ball. These are known as gross motor skills. Control of theses muscles develops from the head down to the shoulders and arms, and finally to the legs. At birth babies hardly move at all, but they soon wriggle and move their legs and arms almost nonstop as they gradually start to learn how to control their movements. By the time they are three months old they will have begun to control their neck muscles. They will be able to lift their head and turn it from side to side if lying on their stomachs, and should be able to push up on their arms. By the time they are six months they will be kicking strongly and can usually roll over from their back to front. They will also be able to sit for a reasonably long time if supported by cushions. By the time babies are 12 months not only they can sit without support for a long period, they can also move around quickly by crawling or bottom shuffling. They also begin to become cruise about things around them. They also use furniture to support the get up while they learning to walk. At 15 months they should be walking independently but they may need to use their arms to balance. They should also be able to throw large items for example a ball but may lose their balance. At 18 months their gross motor skills will be quite well developed – they will be able to walk without using their arms to balance and may even run although they will often bump into things as they are not yet skilful enough to avoid them. From this stage develop very quickly. At 2 years they can run, jump, kick a ball and walk up and down stairs with two feet to a step while at 3 years old they are even more skilful and are able to hop and jump, walk on tiptoe, throw a ball overarm. At 4 years they are able to push themselves along a tricycle and also balance and control themselves. Finally at 5 years they become more experts on things they can climb and skip. They will also have good awareness of things around them and will be able to run around without bumping into things also they will able to show good coordination, they will enjoy running around playing chase. They will be able to play ball games such as football and dance rthymically to music they will enjoy playing on equipment such as swings, slides and climbing frames Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Child Development section.

Essay Sample on Flirting and Sexual Harassment in College

Essay Sample on Flirting and Sexual Harassment in College Flirtation is a kind of act that is geared towards giving signs that insinuate desire for intimacy. For instance, it may involve non-verbal expressions and gestures or words. Flirtation is done differently among different cultures. In college for instance, female students are known to flirt through their dressing. They wear extremely short dresses that reveal their thighs. In addition, they feel that when men see the cleavage and other parts, they will be attracted to them. However, sexual harassment refers to coercion into sex and other sexual acts. While flirting is done willingly and often playfully, sexual harassment is often done forcefully. In college for instance, it occurs through rape cases, where female students are raped. At times tough, it may result from flirting. The intention of flirting is not normally sex. Thus, when a woman puts on short cloths, a man may be tempted to have sex, and later force her into it (Golden, R, Peterson, F, Hilgenkamp, K, Harper, J Boskey, 2 010). Gender differences always exist, where men are seen to be more authoritative than women are. Thus, men are more involved in sexual harassment, because they force women into sex. However, women have been observed to flirt more than women do, and thus attract sexual cases such as rape. The position of authority always matters. When two people are dating, for instance, the one in authority will always take the lead. If it is the man, then he may force the woman into certain act including sex. However, when it is a peer, they may both possess authority. In essence, however, the one in authority always dominates and controls sexual acts (Shaw, 2000). Concern about sexual behavior has changed the behavior of individuals. For instance, women avoid walking alone at night for fear of rape. They do not also dress suggestively, as they try to put on longer clothes. However, some people have continued to flirt, increasing chances of rape. For instance, every Friday night in college, I have met women who are drunk and sleeping across the road. This means that they still afford to expose themselves to rape, because they go find get too drunk to find their way to the hostels. Recently a woman discovered she was pregnant but could not remember when she had sex. Later, she connected her situation to a night that she had drunk herself, and when she woke up, she was lying across the road. She only discovered later about the rape. Though she claims she was sexually harassed, I think her dressing also suggested that she needed she was in an unusually short dress, and lay across the road, almost naked and drunk (Greenberg, J, Bruess, C Conklin, 2010). Sexual harassment in college is on the increase as female students continue to expose their bodies by wearing short clothes. It also occurs due to cohabiting, because many partners always stay together. Through this, women are more prone to be harassed sexually by their male partners. For this reason, the college has put up policies that ensure female and male students do not stay together. In case, one is found, disciplinary action is taken. In addition, male students are not allowed into women’s hostels past 7pm. However, incase students are harassed they are advised to inform the security immediately. This allows them to get quick medical attention to avoid cases of pregnancies and other sexually transmitted diseases. Such incidences have been reported many times, though are reducing because of the policies employed (Michigan State University Law, 2008).

Argument essays

Argument essays As we all know the government has some sort of control over the people living in the United States and play a role in our every day lives. They give us rules to live by even though we are guaranteed our freedom in the Declaration of Independence. These rules we are expected to live by are said to be for our own good and supposedly keep the citizens in order. Ive come to see that some rules make no logical sense such as the prohibition of marijuana. Marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a repressive measure against Mexican workers who crossed the border seeking jobs during the Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was its supposed violent affection the degenerate races. Marijuana has well-organized supporters who campaign for its legalization and promote its use through books, magazines, and popular music. They regard marijuana as not only a recreational drug but also a form of herbal medicine and a product with industrial applications. Marijuanas opponents are equally passionate and far better organized. They consider marijuana a dangerous drug-one that harms the users mental, physical, and spiritual well being, promotes irresponsible sexual behavior, and encourages disrespect for traditional values. Many famous and credible people such as Abraham Lincoln and Albert Einstein have found the holes in prohibition laws and pointed out the disadvantages of this type of government. This issue has been long debated for reasons I dont understand and the government of the United States needs to see that prohibiting the drug contradicts and violates our rights, influences crime, and does more harm than good. As human beings I think we should all have the right to decide for ourselves what goes into our bodies. We have to realize that prohibiting any drug denies us of this basic human liberty. In fact, even the people who wrote the Harrison Act and the Marijuana T...

Legal aspects of sounseling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Legal aspects of sounseling - Research Paper Example oks and principles of academic knowledge which are not adequate resources in assessing the developmental level at which their fellow colleagues operate (Bentler, 2008). Counseling is a dynamic process that generally deals with the wellness, career and personal growth of individuals in diverse and multicultural settings. In the end, the counseling program should empower the mental health and the overall wellness of the individual. State and national legislation is an essential part of information that they need to have, as it is primary to their daily operation. They are therefore legally responsible for civil and criminal offences if found to be in violation of client’s rights and or societal rules. Following ethical standards of professional organization that the counselor is affiliated to, and obtaining malpractice insurance will protect the counselors legally and give them a base to vindicate what they do (Tabutt, 2007). â€Å"The law can serve as an essential tool for great effectiveness, accountability and also provides support for local capacity building.† ( Poulisson, 2006) Sound policies that reflect legal requirements and considerations need enforcement by the counselors to act as preventative measures and as responsive measures too. A counselor to client relationship is a delicate relationship and therefore the counselor must provide a safe environment hence negligence accrues from a breach of this safety. The importance of the legal aspects of counseling is that the counselors have the guidelines to know how they should react in different situations and where feedback on handling difficult situations needs reiteration. In many situations, the need for ethics information has the highest ranking. There should be substantive due process where actions ought to have a relation to the institution’s interests in protecting and helping the client. In some cases, situations presented might not respect the substantive due process and hence has no

Platos Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Platos Republic - Essay Example Plato believed that a harmonious society can be attained by the interaction of specific mode of righteous and rational order of political philosophy based on the implementation of virtue. However, the "Republic" likewise the "Statesman" and the "Law" and other few other short dialogues, described as political dialogues, the political philosophy had received significant consideration in the approach of Plato. Conceptual analysis, as introduced by Plato for the first time in the framework of political philosophy, is defined as a mental clearance implying the clarification of a conceptualization in its implication, using which the philosopher and analyst can deal with incompatible ideas corresponding to the requirement based on rational reality. In his political philosophy, Plato thus, coined the conceptual analysis as a tool for evaluating beliefs corresponding to find out the result of the best political order. The continuum representing the movement from clarification of analysis by the virtue of evaluation of beliefs to attain the goal of best political order is enunciated in the structure of Plato's Republic. This paper aims at finding out the basic philosophy of Plato's analogies and his formulation of the division of soul structure as well as an insight of Plato's defence of the Republic King in the "Republic" with a clear understanding of critical evaluation of Plato. Basic Philosophical Conceptualization of Plato The Good Plato, being the idealist philosopher, described the idea of the Good in his volume "Republic" through the dialogues of Socrates. The idealization of the Good is described as the child or offspring (ekgonos) of the Good, as ascribed by the superlative model of goodness, hence attributing to the absolute determinant of justice. Plato's explanation of his theory of justice, as articulated in his ideology of a city in dialectics, affirmatively attributed the rule of rational mind as implicated in the formation of philosopher-king, having the ability to take a hold of the Idea of the Good. Plato theorised that the highest attainment of knowledge or wisdom is the Idea of the Good, which has an implication in gaining usefulness and value. In general, the humans are programmed to practise the good, but without the knowledge of philosophical reasoning this attainment is not perfectly possible. Goodness has its own implication of involving factors such as justice, truth, equality and beauty t hat can be defined as the "Hierarchy of Forms". Our ideologies to understand materialistic knowledge based on mathematics and science are propounded with the underlying theme of abstraction by the methods of opinion based on perception that is actually situated at the bottom of the materialistic plane. The Cave The Republic is one of the most influential contributions made in the history of political philosophy and the Cave is the most popular allegory of the Republic. In the Republic, the human condition is described as in the state of prisoners constrained in a cave observing only the shadows reflected on the wall they are facing. The goal of human mind is thus transcendence from this state by virtue of incorporating genuine education, envisaged as liberation from imprisonment, and articulated as a movement

Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

4 - Assignment Example In addition, Rolian and Gordon (2013, p. 393) acknowledge the conclusions were also based â€Å"on the ability to assign phalanges to a single individual, and to the correct side and digit†. Rolian and Gordon (2013) argue that none of the assignment is secure. According to Rolian and Gordon (2013) the challenge arises from the sample composition and taphonomy of A. L. 333. In the study, Rolian and Gordon focused on Australopithecus afarensis species. The A. L. 333 hominins are majorly teeth and bones fossils discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia. The fossils have been dated to have existed during the Pliocene period. Ardipithecus ramidus is considered to have been the ancestral hominid to Australopithecus afarensis. Consequently the ancestral traits evident in Australopithecus afarensis include bipedalism and tooth morphology. The derived trait from Australopithecus afarensis is in relation to the hand morphology of modern humans. The hominins are also considered to have been bipedal. Rolian and Gordon employed a re-sampling approach in the study. The re-sampling approach comprised a wholesome assemblage of the complete hand elements from Hadar (Rolian and Gordon). Additionally, the approach accounts for the uncertainties associated with identifying phalanges. The uncertainties are due to unidentified taphonomic factors in samples from fossils. The factors led to a bias in the estimation of the manual proportions. Rolian and Gordon re-sampled hand long bone lengths in extant hominoids, as well as in Australopithecus afarensis. Subsequently, Rolian and Gordon obtained the confidence limits for distributions of the manual proportions in the extant hominoids. The analysis procedure adopted by Rolian and Gordon was a four-step procedure. Rolian and Gordon first drew subsamples then subsequently matched the fossil assemblage. Rolian and Gordon then derived the metrics of the manual proportions. Finally, the researchers then derived

Social Psychology Essay Example for Free

Social Psychology Essay The external validity of all of these studies has come under attack in recent years. The research may show that under experimental conditions, subjects fall into the categories of intervener or non-intervene fairly easily, but there is no evidence to suggest that these results can be generalised. Huston, Ruggiero, Conner and Geis (1981) address these issues. They also refer to the murder of Kitty Genovese but criticise previous studies for a lack of external validity. Specifically, they cite four major concerns over the extent to which the findings can be generalised. Firstly, Huston et al comment that ethical guidelines prevent experimenters from reproducing realistic experimental environments. Thus, the research is based on simulated events, usually using a group of students. Secondly, no research has ever investigated the situation whereby the bystander becomes an involved participant in the violent incident. According to Huston et al this avoids the issue of how the bystander can actually change the course of events. Thirdly, there has been a lack of focus on the effects of violent and criminal emergencies (understandably perhaps) and this means that the research does not correlate with real life situations. Huston et al (1981) argue that previous research has explored the role of personality traits in the potential to intervene. Huston et als study attempts to rectify these limitations and provide a more comprehensive account of real life acts of heroism. In doing so they provide a completely different framework through which to analyse bystanders at crime scenes. They measured three different areas which may account for intervention; exposure to crimes and emergencies,[relevant] competencies and skills,inclination to intervene. (1981, p. 15). Therefore, instead of using emotional, almost Freudian cues as were used in previous research, Huston et al choose cognitive cues and appear to view the individual as a rational and practical decision-maker. Huston et al reported that several factors increased the probability that any individual would intervene to help a stranger, Exposure to crime in the past was a significant factor, but more so, was the individuals perceived competence to intervene. Also those who intervened tended to be heavier and taller than the non-interveners. This suggests that a key factor in the decision making process of the individual is whether they perceive themselves as being capable of making a difference. Interestingly, Huston et al found no significant difference in the personality traits of the two groups of those who intervened and those who did not. They do however, suggest that further studies could include groups of subjects that are matched for their exposure to crime. They also comment that their sample and the samples of other similar studies may not be representative because those who do not intervene, for reasons of social desirability to not come forward in order for their experience to be examined and accounted for. This study goes some way in accounting for real life acts of heroism. It presents a naturalistic setting, which the previous studies neglected to provide, and suggests some plausible accounts for bystander intervention and acts of heroism. However, the majority of studies do not seem to account for cases of extreme altruism that take place in real life. Many go some way to explaining why many people do not intervene to help others. Self-interest appears to dominate all explanations. As Batson (1994) comments, the main assumption in most research into bystander intervention is that all human action is ultimately directed toward self-interest. (p. 603), and yet we still persist in volunteering, contributing and rescuing. Altruism is a paradox which defies biological explanation. Laboratory research into bystander intervention goes some way to accounting for acts of heroism but still fails to explain the point in our evolution where we began to perform acts of complete selflessness. References Batson, C.D. (1994). Why act for the public good? Four Answers. In Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, pp. 603-610Â  Brown, R. (1986) Social Psychology: The Second Edition. Free Press. Â  Darley, J.M. and Batson, C.D. (1973). From Jerusalem to Jericho : A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behaviour. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, pp. 100-108.

The Fall of the Compson Family in Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury Es

The Fall of the Compson Family in Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury That Faulkner’s title for his complicated The Sound and the Fury comes from Macbeth is common knowledge, and reading the novel only confirms Faulkner’s choice as sound. Certainly there is an almost constant desire to behead characters so as to quiet their almost constant â€Å"bellering.† The common theme critics identify in the novel is the terrible fall of the Southern aristocracy, yet I cannot help but think that there was not, by that time, far to fall, at least not in the case of the Compson family. Faulkner’s modernist fiction supposedly speaks to the demise of the Old South, a decline encapsulated in the Compson family’s trajectory of self-pity and tragedy. The implication is that this is a family well-entrenched in the aura of the Old South, which suffers a loss of prestige and valor in the dark days following the literal and symbolic muddying of Caddy’s drawers. Indeed, with Quentin’s suicide, the last of the Compson family, i n terms of its past, is come to an end – but not because his death is part of a lo...

Differentiating Between Market Structures Essay

Using the virtual organization of Kudler Fine Foods, evaluations will be made to determine market structure and competitiveness. Kudler Fine Foods current strategic plan for 2003, marketing overview, and market surveys will provide information to evaluate how Kudler competes in its market and where its strengths and weaknesses are located. Based on the evaluation of Kudler Fine Foods an applicable market structure will be determined and the structures effects on the organization and its long-term profitability. Recommendations will be made for Kudler Fine Foods while comparing real-world organizations. Kudler Fine Foods Located in the San Diego area, Kudler Fine Foods has three locations offering imported and domestic specialty foods. Founder, Kathy Kudler found the joy of gourmet cooking to be a business opportunity and opened the first store in 1998. The first year of business was profitable and paved way to the opening of two additional stores. Shopping the world for the finest of products allows Kudler Fine Foods to offer the finest of wines, foods, and related goods. It is Kudler Fine Food’s mission to provide these fine selections coupled with knowledgeable, experienced, and helpful staff to create a pleasing shopping experience (Virtual Organization Portal, 2007). Strategic Plan 2003 To provide Kudler Fine Foods mission while staying competitive, profitable, and delivering the goods known for, strategic plans are necessary. In 2003 a strategic plan was generated, within the plan traditional supermarkets were thought of as competition. Albertsons, Vons, and Ralphs advertised specialty foods similar to Kudler Fine Foods in the area of meat and produce. However, Kudler stays competitive by attracting specific customers cooking gourmet. While competitive stores offer similar food, they do not offer the same customer service, gourmet accessories, and foods Kudler offers. Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s offer similar product but aim to gain customers focused on healthy lifestyles not the gourmet experience. Foreign food stores are not a large competitor, they to do not focus on the gourmet experience. While foreign food stores may have particular ingredients, they lack the competitive advantage of selection, service, expertise, or tools Kudler Fine Foods provides. According to 2003s strategic Plan Kudler Fine Foods customers are less price conscious than competitors (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2007). There is no direct competition although there are competitors trying to gain Kudler’s customer base. The combination of services and goods Kudler Fine Foods offers sets it apart from competition. Kudler Fine Foods uses its differentiated goods, atmosphere, knowledgeable services, intimate customer loyalty, and expansion of goods and services to stay competitive within the market. Ultimately it is the gourmet experience that makes Kudler Fine Foods a competitive force in the market. Marketing Overview Experiencing significant growth, Kudler Fine Foods looks to increase the profitability and loyalty of consumers and expand services. Kudler is strategically increasing profitability and loyalty of its customers by increasing internal efficiency, enacting a frequent shopper program, and expanding the services offered. Using a frequent shopper program customer purchases shopping behaviors are tracked and refined so applicable products can be offered to valued customers. Frequent shoppers will be offered points for shopping to redeem rewards to maintain store loyalty. To expand services Kudler offers exclusive upscale events in the store and in the comfort of customers own homes, which increases word-of mouth marketing, customer loyalty, and social networking. In addition to expanding services and offering frequent shopper programs to increase revenue Kudler Fine Foods focuses on reducing costs by increasing efficiency. Using a large department store to benchmark, Kudler is engaging in developing employees through training programs and upgrading software systems. Costs are reduced by minimizing purchases while maintaining adequate amounts of stock. Using information retrieved form the frequent shopper program and the â€Å"dollar value and profit margin per transaction† orders are placed to best capture customers needs while tracking sales data for better forecasting, merchandise selection, and inventory management (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2007, para.5). The store advertises the same sales and merchandise for the three stores and coordinates to maintain enough inventories within each store location to maintain a customer service level of 95% (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2007). Like other retail stores customer satisfaction is a prime marketing tool but so is the ever changing gourmet items offered in the stores. New items are introduced regularly into the store; Kathy looks to competitors for pricing strategies and product comparison to market the new goods. While Kathy looks to competitors her customer differs from other markets in the area, they look for a gourmet experience. Market Surveys Kudler Fine Foods conducted market surveys in 2010 and 2011to collect data from consumers. The surveys help to identify opportunity, measure success, and identify strengths and weaknesses within the organization. The 2010 survey indicated that there was not a good selection of products present in the store. This was an area of weakness and an opportunity to improve; the 2011 survey showed an increase of satisfaction in the selection of products presented in the store. Once a weakness, the surveys measure success in the increase of product selection from 2010 to 2011. Surveys identify store hours, atmosphere, merchandise satisfaction, and knowledgeable service representatives as Kudler Fine Foods strengths. Weaknesses include merchandise displays and in 2010 selection and overall store satisfaction. The marketing surveys show improvements from 2010 to 2011 in both strengths and weaknesses indicated by customers (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2007). Kudler Fine Foods Market Structure Kudler Fine Foods is a monopolistic competition market structure. Within a monopolistic competition market structure there come both positives and negatives effects for Kudler Fine Foods. Positives While there are many similar organizations Kudler Fine Foods goods and services are differentiated. Kudler Fine Foods offers physical product differentiation in the service offered. For example, customers look to Kudler Fine Foods for a gourmet experience that cannot be found elsewhere. Kudler Fine Foods overall performance creates an experience. This experience is different from competitors accounted for in the strategic plan. Another positive of a monopolistic competition is that they are price makers, because Kudler Fine Foods offers differentiated products and services they are able to set their own prices. Kathy uses competitors as a price guideline but sets her own prices. In a monopolistic competition market large profits are possible in the short run. Negatives Kathy easily entered the market and so will other individuals because there are no barriers to entry in the monopolistic competition market. The fewer barriers to entry in a market the more competition arises. The low barriers to entry in this market mean one must have an opportunity to differentiate; Kudler Fine Foods has this opportunity by offering different goods and services from its competitors. To stay actively competitive Kudler Fine Foods must engage in advertising to let customers know the difference between Kudler Fine Foods and their competitors. Advertisement costs time and money and can be difficult to make advertisements stand out against competitors. Long-term profitability As mentioned above in the short run profits are possible but because there are no barriers to entry many firms are attracted to the market, which increases in the long-run. As new firms enter the market Kudler Fine Foods products and services will become more elastic shifting the demand curve to the left, prices will be driven down reducing profits. In the long run these reduced profits will continue until Kudler Fine Foods reaches long run equilibrium, economic profit is impossible in the long run. Recommendations A personal recommendation for Kudler Fine Foods is to stay in the short run to continue making the most profits. They can do this by furthering product differentiation. For example, Kudler Fine Foods can look to competitors to make sure they are not selling the same products and offering the same services. Kathy already frequently introduces new products and should continue to do this. Staying innovative will also be beneficial, introducing online sells may help keep Kudler Fine Foods in the short run longer. Real-world comparisons In the real-world there are many monopolistic markets like that of Kudler Fine Foods. Taylors Market is an example, like Kudler Fine Foods they offer gourmet options. Taylors Market finds its competitive edge by offering specialty items, including an onsite butcher. Both Kudler Fine Foods and Taylors Market are one of many firms in a monopolistic competition market structure. They stay competitive by offering differentiated goods and services. While both firms start out inelastic in the short run, in the long run they become more elastic. Below is an example of how Taylors Market and Kudler Fine Foods monopolistic competition market structure compares and differs from other market structures.

Collective security during the interwar period Essay

The term ‘collective security’ can be defined as a security agreement in which all states cooperate directly, collectively, and and every state accepts that the security of one is in the concern of all. In other words, when one of the states part of this agreement violates the rights to freedom of other nations, all other member states will have to join forces to restore peace, penalizing the aggressor state. This model is based on participation and compulsoriness. An agressor state is about to meet a united opposition of the entire world community. The concept of collective security is based on the consent of all or the majority of states to act against any state that unlawfully violates peace. The main idea of collective security is the assumption that no state will want to change the power and order of world community, and if so, all other states will act together against the aggressor state in order to reestablish the global equilibrium. An ideal collective security organization assumes a very high degree of congruent interest among its members. 1 Interstate rivalry and power politics and effectively elliminated.2 As a legal form of states’ cooperation, a collective security system differs from any traditional alliance. The alliance is the way in which a state gets benefits in the event of a conflict after an agreement with another state or several states involved to a predetermined level to maintain their common interest. Alliances form because weak states band together against great powers in order to survive in an anarchic international system.3 The alliance pattern involves the decision to change or maintain the balance of power at local, regional or global level. In general, an alliance has on the other side another alliance with opposite purposes. It is, therefore, a structure of bloc against bloc. Arising from the need to find a way to avoid the outbreak of a new world war, collective security represented, in the interwar period, at least for some countries in Europe, almost the only option of foreign  policy that seemed viable to defend the national interests. The term ‘League of Nations’ (Society of Nations) existed since 1908, when Là ©on Bourgeois4 proposed a new system of organizing international relations. The idea was taken up and supported by groups and associations in France, Great Britain and United States of America, where presidents Roosevelt and Taft supported the formula of a security system in which aggressors automatically received economic and military sanctions from the international community. In June 1915, a League for strengthening peace, supported by Taft, was in favour for a Society of Nations based on collective security and strengthening international law. President Woodrow Wilson is the one who, on 27th of May 1916 marked for the first time, in concrete, institutional terms, the project of such an organization. In 1920, the League of Nations formally established, with the entry into force of the Covenant of the League of Nations, ratified by 42 states in 1919. The organization was meant to include all countries and to resist aggression in all parts of the globe.5 While all members participated in the General Assembly, the League Council was established to guide the operation of the organization. 6 The authority of the League was never seriously questioned, until the early 1930s, when a series of events proved its ineffectiveness. The League of Nations was concieved as a tool for maintaining international peace and security and for promoting interstate cooperation. The main mean by which the League was to ensure peacekeeping was a collective security system, at least in Europe, based on the principle ‘all for one’. According to this principle, all states should have been engaged in mutual guarantee of international peace and security. This concept was included in both League of Nations Covenant and peace treaties. The problem of creating a collective security system specifically concerned the small and medium states. With no ability of defending themselves in the face of possible aggression coming from great powers, the system of collective security was the only defending solution. Hence, the small and medium states were the most active in terms of supporting the Society of Nations’ efforts of peacekkeping. Their position towards this problem proved to be crucial both on the prospects of the forum in Geneva , as in peace prospects. The League of Nations represented a start in the process of democratization and evolution of international life, in the direction of establishing a new system in which  all states can find a place and role, a tribune for expressing their positions, under the aegis of general principles of international law. There were obtained achievements in different fields, of interstate cooperation, there were tested some mechanisms of peacekeeping, there were made efforts for promoting economic development in the spirit of interdependence, which was more and more obvious at an international level. Contrary to all these positive elements, the League of Nations was ultimately a failure and couldn’t fulfill its key objectives: prevent another war by creating a security system based on collective guarantees, resolving conflicts by peaceful means and eliminating economic crises by promoting openness in international trade relations, according to the requirements of globalization. The general crisis in 1929 – 1923 which had devastating effects on the economic, political and moral field and the rise of the totalitarian regimes opened the door for the World War II, which ended, at the same time, the attempt of a League of Nations in building a world of peace, security and prosperity. The League of Nations ceased to function with the beginning of World War II, although the formal decision to dissolve the League was adopted after the entry into force of the UN Charter on April 18, 1946. The United Nations, like the League, emerged in the wake of a devastating war.7 Romania in the League of Nations In order to better understand how the system of collective security works, I chose to talk about what meant to Romania the membership in the League of Nations and the benefits it enjoyed through this status. Romania, one of the 32 founding members of the League of Nations, contributed, under the aegis of this organization, at creating a general security system throughout Europe and especially in South Eastern Europe. Romania’s main purpose was keeping the territorial status-quo, which implicitly meant the integration of Greater Romania. Regarding the benefits of being part of the League, an advantage would be the prestige of being a member, as Nicolae Titulescu said: â€Å"Allow me to express my deep gratitude for the great honor you have done to my country and to me, personally, by handing, through your votes, the great dignity of being President of the 11th Assembly of League of  Nations†.8 The benefits arose from correlating the membership with the fact that Romani a had emerged victorious from the Great War, won enough territories to unite Romanians under one state and needed protection because these territories were an inportant target for the neighbours also. Aditionally, the League united the world’s most influential states and declared a forum for discussion in the spirit of arbitration, consensus and justice. Therefore, the member states were seen from the outside as being driven by the same values. Accepting Romania in the League of Nations meant the acknowledgement that it agreed with the principles of the organization. The League of Nation’s main goal was ensuring peace. From my point of view, all nations that were members of the League, believed in democracy and freedom, but the political leadership had not always reflected these ideals. When the political leadership tended to war, the only barriers were those related to methods and not to ideals. The benefit that Romania had being a member of League of Nations was one of prestige, because joining the organization meant a statement of principles that corresponded to those of the civilized world. Therefore, being a member of the League indicated that the state was inte grated in the world’s civilized nations and that’s what Romania wanted. Joining the League of Nations meant for the Romanian people the end of the period in which was threatened by the Great Powers and could not develop because of that. Once it joined the Society of Nations, Romania acceeded all the international organisms related to the League. Among these, the one that brought the most benefits to Romania was International Labour Organization. A very good study of that time’s ideas regarding the International Labour Organization was made by Grigore Trancu-IaÅŸi9, in a conference form, shown in ‘Romania’s foreign policy, 19 public lectures organized by the Romanian Social Institute’. The author identified the principles of this organization as needed to be urgently implemented by its members. The principles could be regarded as ‘left’, but were more like ideas that approached the society to social justice. The League recognized the idea that its supreme ideal was that peace cannot happen where there is no social justice. The International Labour Organization ensured bringing social justice through the prospect of working conditions. Romania, as a member of the Organization, registerd benefits in the social justice and had the right of decision over these measures. This paper aims to analyze what  collective security meant for the society in the inter-war period and, particularly, what meant to Romania and the effects of being in a collective security organization. Romania had multiple benefits generated by its membership in the League of Nations, even though this organization failed on its supreme mission. Romania’s benefits from being a member of the League related to international prestige, good relations with the neighbours, social justice and the most important, international power increase. Bibliography: MORGENTHAU, Hans J., International Affairs: The Ressurection of Neutrality in Europe†, The American Political Science Review, vol. 33, nr. 3; Politica ExternÄÆ' a Romà ¢niei – 19 prelegeri publice organizate de Institutul Social Romà ¢n, Institutul Social Romà ¢n, BucureÅŸti, 1926; SCUTARU, Ioan, Romà ¢nia ÅŸi Marile Puteri, editura FundaÃ… £iei „Romà ¢nia de Mà ¢ine†, Bucuresti, 1999; KUPCHAN, Charles A. and KUPCHAN Clifford A., Concerts, Collective Security and the Future of Europe, International Security, Vol. 16, No.1, Summer 1991; RISSE-KAPPEN, Thomas, Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The case of NATO, 1996. MIROIU, Andrei, BalanÃ… £Ã„Æ' ÅŸi Hegemonie: Romà ¢nia à ®n politica mondialÄÆ', 1913 – 1989, Editura Tritonic, BucureÅŸti, 2005.

Field Technician - A First Job in Archaeology

Field Technician - A First Job in Archaeology A Field Technician, or Archaeological Field Technician, is an entry-level paying position in archaeology. A Field Technician performs archaeological survey and excavation, under the supervision of a Principal Investigator, Field Supervisor, or Crew Chief. These jobs are known by a wide variety of names, including Field Hand, Field Archaeologist, Natural Resource Technician I, Archaeologist/Technician, Field Technician, US Government 29023 Archeological Technician I, and Assistant Archaeologist. Duties An archaeological field technician performs duties associated with pedestrian surveys as well as hand excavation (shovel testing, bucket auger testing, 1x1 meter units, test trenches) of archaeological sites. Field technicians may be asked to take detailed field notes, draw sketch maps, excavate archaeological features, bag artifacts, record provenience of the finds, use a Munsell soil chart, take photographs, use computer software programs (Microsoft ® Word, Excel and Access are typical), and at all times maintain client confidentiality. Some amount of physical labor is generally required, such as manually removing brush or vegetation, and carrying and maintaining tools and equipment. Field technicians may need to navigate with a compass and topographic map, help run a total station to create topographic maps, or learn digital mapping with using GPS/GIS. Job Type and Availability Kansas Archeology Training Program Field School. Mark Reinstein / Corbis via Getty Image Entry level jobs are usually short-term temporary positions; they dont usually come with insurance or benefits, although there are exceptions. Typically, a field technician is hired by a  firm that conducts archaeological work related to cultural resource management (or heritage management) in many different states or countries. Those firms maintain a list of field technicians and send out notices when projects are coming up: projects which can last for a few days or years. The long-term positions are rare; field techs rarely work full time and most are seasonal employees. Archaeological projects are conducted over the world, mostly led by cultural resource firms (or cultural resource arms of engineering companies), universities, museums, or governmental agencies. The jobs are fairly numerous, but require the technician to travel far from home and stay in the field for extended periods of time. Education / Experience Level Required This pile of excavation equipment is waiting for the next field trip. Kris Hirst (c) 2006 At a minimum, field technicians need a Bachelors degree in Anthropology, Archaeology or a closely related field, plus six months or a years experience. Most firms expect employees to have taken at least one professional field school or have had some prior field survey experience. Occasionally firms will take people who are still working on their bachelors degrees. Experience with ArcMap, ArcPad or other GIS hardware such as a Trimble unit is helpful; a valid drivers license and good driving record is a fairly standard requirement. Another highly valued asset is familiarity with cultural resource laws, such as Section 106, NEPA, NHPA, FERC as well as relevant state regulations in the United States. There are also specialist positions, such as coastal or marine/maritime projects that may require SCUBA diving experience. Field schools can be taken at a local university for tuition and living costs; archaeological and historical societies occasionally run projects to train prospective field technicians. Advantageous Assets Field technicians need a good work ethic and a cheerful disposition: archaeology is physically demanding and often tedious, and a successful technician should be willing to learn, work hard, and act independently. Verbal and written communication skills are among the most sought-after characteristics for beginning field technicians, particularly the ability to write technical reports. Membership in professional societies, such as the Institute for Archaeologists in the UK or the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) in the US, may be a requirement for employment, and background or knowledge in the cultures being studied (especially for long projects) is a valuable asset. Having many of these characteristics may lead to promotions or full-time positions. Although the Americans with Disabilities Act is in force for archaeological jobs in the US and there are similar laws in other countries, field technician jobs require employees to be in good physical condition, to be able to work outdoors in variable weather conditions and on varied terrain. Some jobs will require longer work weeks when circumstances arise; and survey projects, in particular, require walking long distances (8–16 kilometers or 5–10 miles a day) under adverse conditions, including inclement weather and wildlife encounters, carrying up to 23 kilograms (50 pounds). Drug screening, background checks, and even physical fitness exams conducted by the firm are becoming common. Common Pay Rates Based on job listings viewed in January 2019, rates for a Field Technician vary between $US 14–22 per hour and, in the United Kingdom,  £10–15 per hour- however, few job listings in 2019 provided explicit wage data. Per diem covering hotels and meals is often provided, depending on the project. In a statistical survey conducted in 2012, Doug Rocks-Macqueen (2014) reported that rates for US-based field technicians ranged between US$10–25, with an average of $14.09. Rocks-Macqueen, Doug 2014. Jobs in American Archaeology: Pay for CRM Archaeologists. Archaeologies 10(3):281–296 download the article for free from Dougs Archaeology blog. Pluses and Minuses of the Traveling Life The life of a field technician is not without rewards, but there are some difficulties involved. If specific projects last six months or more, it may not be practical for many field technicians to maintain a permanent address (apart from a family member or friend as a mail drop). Stowing furniture and other possessions in an empty apartment for six months or a year is expensive and risky. Field technicians travel quite a bit, which may be the single best reason to spend a couple years as an archaeological assistant. Wages and availability of jobs and housing will vary from company to company, from dig to dig, whether nationally or internationally. In many countries, field technician positions are filled by local experts, and getting hired on those excavations requires enough experience to play a supervisory role. Where to Find Field Tech Jobs US R. Joe Brandons Shovel BumsJennifer Palmers Archaeology Fieldwork.comINDEED: Archaeological Field TechniciansGlassdoor.com: Archaeological Field Technician Jobs Canada Jennifer Palmers Archaeological Fieldwork: Canada UK British Archaeological Jobs Resources (BAJR): EmploymentINDEED UK: Archaeological Field Jobs Australia INDEED AU: Archaeology Jobs

Sands and Hands of Time

Sands and Hands of Time Sands and Hands of Time Sands and Hands of Time By Maeve Maddox Sometimes eggcorns catch on. An eggcorn is the reshaping of a common word or expression that makes sense in a certain way. The term comes from misspelling eggcorn for acorn. As explained by Chris Waigl, â€Å"the substitution [of eggcorn for acorn] involved more than just ignorance: an acorn is more or less shaped like an egg; and it is a seed, just like grains of corn. So if you don’t know how acorn is spelled, egg corn actually makes sense.† The often-heard expression â€Å"hands of time† may have begun as an eggcorn, but has caught on in general speech. Long after hourglasses were replaced by clocks, the image of sand falling to the bottom half of an hourglass remained strong as an image of time passing. People talked and wrote about â€Å"the sands of time.† Longfellow (1807-1882) uses the image in â€Å"A Psalm of Life†: Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time NBC still uses it on the longest running soap opera on television: Like sands through the hourglass, so are the days of our lives. Nowadays, people writing songs and selling beauty products want to â€Å"turn back† the â€Å"hands of time.† Turn back the hands of time with these 5 beauty products Skin Care Products for Women – Turning Back the Hands of Time If I could turn, turn back the hands of time/Then my darlin’ you’d still be mine â€Å"Hands of time† may have begun with someone who didn’t know about hourglasses but was familiar with the hands on an analog clock and the necessity of turning them back in regions that observe Daylight Savings Time. I wonder what the new image will be when the image of a clockface is forgotten, and time is perceived as passing digitally. The bands of time? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidHow to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors15 English Words of Indian Origin

The Bell X-1 and Breaking the Sound Barrier

The Bell X-1 and Breaking the Sound Barrier Bell X-1E Specifications: General Length: 31 ft. Wingspan: 22 ft. 10 in. Height: 10 ft. 10 in. Wing Area: 115 sq. ft. Empty Weight: 6,850 lbs. Loaded Weight: 14,750 lbs. Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Reaction Motors RMI LR-8-RM-5 rocket, 6,000 lbf Range: 4 minutes, 45 seconds Max Speed: 1,450 mph Ceiling: 90,000 ft. Bell X-1 Design Development: Development of the Bell X-1 began in the waning days of World War II as the interest in transonic flight increased. Initially contacted by the US Army Air Force and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA - now NASA) on March 16, 1945, Bell Aircraft began designing an experimental aircraft dubbed the XS-1 (Experimental, Supersonic). In seeking inspiration for their new aircraft, the engineers at Bell elected use a shape similar to a Browning .50-caliber bullet. This was done as it was known that this round was stable in supersonic flight. Pressing forward, they added short, highly-reinforced wings as well as a movable horizontal tailplane. This latter feature was included to give the pilot increased control at high speeds and later became a standard feature on American aircraft capable of transonic speeds. In the interest of retaining the sleek, bullet shape, Bells designers elected to use a sloped windscreen in lieu of a more traditional canopy. As a result, the pilot entered and exited the aircraft through a hatch in the side. To power the aircraft, Bell selected an XLR-11 rocket engine capable of around 4-5 minutes of powered flight. Bell X-1 Program: Never intended for production, Bell constructed three X-1s for the USAAF and NACA. The first began glide flights over Pinecastle Army Airfield on January 25, 1946. Flown by Bells chief test pilot, Jack Woolams, the aircraft made nine glide flights before being returned to Bell for modifications. Following Woolams death during practice for the National Air Races, the X-1 moved to Muroc Army Air Field (Edwards Air Force Base) to begin powered test flights. As the X-1 was not capable of taking off on its own, it was carried aloft by a modified B-29 Superfortress. With Bell test pilot Chalmers Slick Goodlin at the controls, the X-1 made 26 flights between September 1946 and June 1947. During these tests, Bell took a very conservative approach, only increasing speed by 0.02 Mach per flight. Dismayed by Bells slow progress towards breaking the sound barrier, the USAAF took over the program on June 24, 1947, after Goodlin demanded a $150,000 bonus for achieving Mach 1 and hazard pay for every second spent over 0.85 Mach. Removing Goodlin, the Army Air Force Flight Test Division assigned Captain Charles Chuck Yeager to the project. Familiarizing himself with the aircraft Yeager made several test flights in the X-1 and steadily pushed the aircraft towards the sound barrier. On October 14, 1947, less than a month after the US Air Force became a separate service, Yeager broke the sound barrier while flying X-1-1 (serial #46-062). Dubbing his plane Glamorous Glennis in honor of his wife, Yeager achieved a speed of Mach 1.06 (807.2 mph) at 43,000 feet. A publicity boon for the new service, Yeager, Larry Bell (Bell Aircraft), and John Stack (NACA) were awarded with the 1947 Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautics Association. Yeager continued with the program and made 28 more flights in Glamorous Glennis. The most notable of these was on March 26, 1948, when he reached a speed of Mach 1.45 (957 mph). With the success of the X-1 program, the USAF worked with Bell to build modified versions of the aircraft. The first of these, the X-1A, was intended to test aerodynamic phenomena at speeds above Mach 2. First flying in 1953, Yeager piloted one to a new record speed of Mach 2.44 (1,620 mph) on December 12 of that year. This flight broke the mark (Mach 2.005) set by Scott Crossfield in the Douglas Skyrocket on November 20. In 1954, the X-1B began flight testing. Similar to the X-1A, the B variant possessed a modified wing and was used for high speed testing until it was turned over to NACA. In this new role, it was used until 1958. Among the technology tested on the X-1B was a directional rocket system that was later incorporated into the X-15. Designs were created for the X-1C and X-1D, however the former was never built and the latter, meant for use in heat transfer research, only made one flight. The first radical change to the X-1 design came with the creation of the X-1E. Constructed from one of the original X-1s, the X-1E featured a knife-edge windscreen, new fuel system, a re-profiled wing, and enhanced data collection equipment. First flying in 1955, with USAF test pilot Joe Walker at the controls, the aircraft flew until 1958. During its final five flights it was piloted by NACA research pilot John B. McKay who was attempting to break Mach 3. The grounding of the X-1E in November 1958, brought the X-1 program to a close. In its thirteen-year history, the X-1 program developed the procedures that would be used in subsequent X-craft projects as well as the new US space program. Selected Sources NASA: Bell X-1 National Air Space Museum: Bell X-1

Global Warming and other Ecology Issues; The Energy Crunch Essay

Global Warming and other Ecology Issues; The Energy Crunch - Essay Example These gases allow sunlight to penetrate the atmosphere then trap some of the solar energy which heats the earth (Breuer, 1980). It is a delicate balance and because these greenhouse gases have been artificially augmented by man-made sources, more build up in the atmosphere has occurred thus trapping more of the sun’s energy and reflecting less back in to space. This occurrence is causing the earth to warm. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent of the greenhouse gases. Although deforestation is contributing heavily to the excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, a larger portion is caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Fossil fuels are burned by factories, vehicles and electricity-producing power plants to name a few sources. Other greenhouse gases include methane, which is released when vegetation is burned during land clearing, during oil exploration activities and the coal-mining process; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which is the substance that cools refrigerators and provides the propulsion in aerosol cans and nitrous oxide (N2O) which is the lesser cause of CO2 (Breuer, 1980). It is generated from both man-made and natural processes. Although warnings about the human generated causes of an enhanced greenhouse effect and the subsequent catastrophic outcomes have been sounded for over 100 years, global warming has only recently become an important political matter. One would have to wonder what enormous problems this will cause not only to people and property but to the health of the global economy as a whole. Entire sections of various countries will be forced to abandon their homes and businesses. The process will be a slow and torturous one. Agriculture activity, land masses and the very air we breathe will suffer a radical change from the effects of global warming. The question before us is, are we stewards of our earth and will we preserve it for future